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NEW QUESTION: 1
Your company has a main office and three branch offices. The company has an Active Directory forest that has a single domain. Each office has one domain controller. Each office is configured as an Active Directory site.
All sites are connected with the DEFAULTIPSITELINK object.
You need to decrease the replication latency between the domain controllers.
What should you do?
A. Decrease the replication interval for the DEFAULTIPSITELINK object.
B. Decrease the cost between the connection objects.
C. Decrease the replication interval for all connection objects.
D. Decrease the replication schedule for the DEFAULTIPSITELINK object.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Decrease the replication interval for the DEFAULTIPSITELINK object.
Personal comment:
All sites are connected with the DEFAULTIPSITELINK object. <- this roughly translates into
all sites are connected with the first domain controller in the forest
So the topology is star shaped.
Thus, decreasing the cost between the connection objects will offer no benefit.
We know we have multiple sites linked and are using a DEFAULTIPSITELINK object.
Thus, the most plausible answer is to decrease the replication interval for
DEFAULTIPSITELINK.
http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=26866&seqNum=5
Understanding Active Directory, Part III
Replication
Active Directory replication between domain controllers is managed by the system
administrator on a site-bysite basis. As domain controllers are added, a replication path
must be established. This is done by the Knowledge Consistency Checker (KCC), coupled
with Active Directory replication components. The KCC is a dynamic process that runs on
all domain controllers to create and modify the replication topology. If a domain controller
fails, the KCC automatically creates new paths to the remaining domain controllers. Manual
intervention with the KCC will also force a new path.
The Active Directory replaces PDCs and BDCs with multimaster replication services. Each
domain controller retains a copy of the entire directory for that particular domain. As
changes are made in one domain controller, the originator communicates these changes to
the peer domain controllers. The directory data itself is stored in the ntds.dit file.
Active Directory replication uses the Remote Procedure Call (RPC) over IP to conduct
replication within a site. Replication between sites can utilize either RPC or the Simple Mail
Transfer Protocol (SMTP) for data transmission. The default intersite replication protocol is
RPC.
Intersite and Intrasite Replication
There are distinct differences in internal and intersite domain controller replication. In
theory, the network bandwidth within a site is sufficient to handle all network traffic
associated with replication and other Active Directory activities. By the definition of a site,
the network must be reliable and fast. A change notification process is initiated when
modifications occur on a domain controller. The domain controller waits for a configurable
period (by default, five minutes) before it forwards a message to its replication partners.
During this interval, it continues to accept changes. Upon receiving a message, the partner
domain controllers copy the modification from the original domain controller. In the event
that no changes were noted during a configurable period (six hours, by default), a replication sequence ensures that all possible modifications are communicated. Replication within a site involves the transmission of uncompressed data. NOTE Security-related modifications are replicated within a site immediately. These changes include account and individual user lockout policies, changes to password policies, changes to computer account passwords, and modifications to the Local Security Authority (LSA). Replication between sites assumes that there are network-connectivity problems, including insufficient bandwidth, reliability, and increased cost. Therefore, the Active Directory permits the system to make decisions on the type, frequency, and timing of intersite replication. All replication objects transmitted between sites are compressed, which may reduce traffic by 10 to 25 percent, but because this is not sufficient to guarantee proper replication, the system administrator has the responsibility of scheduling intersite replication. Replication Component Objects Whereas the KCC represents the process elements associated with replication, the following comprise the Active Directory object components: Connection object. Domain controllers become replication "partners" when linked by a connection object. This is represented by a one-way path between two domain controller server objects. Connection objects are created by the KCC by default. They can also be manually created by the system administrator. NTDS settings object. The NTDS settings object is a container that is automatically created by the Active Directory. It contains all of the connection objects, and is a child of the server object. Server object. The Active Directory represents every computer as a computer object. The domain controller is also represented by a computer object, plus a specially created server object. The server object's parent is the site object that defines its IP subnet. However, in the event that the domain controller server object was created prior to site creation, it will be necessary to manually define the IP subnet to properly assign the domain controller a site. When it is necessary to link multiple sites, two additional objects are created to manage the replication topology. Site link. The site link object specifies a series of values (cost, interval, and schedule) that define the connection between sites. The KCC uses these values to manage replication and to modify the replication path if it detects a more efficient one. The Active Directory DEFAULTIPSITELINK is used by default until the system administrator intervenes. The cost value, ranging from 1 to 32767, is an arbitrary estimate of the actual cost of data transmission as defined bandwidth. The interval value sets the number of times replication will occur: 15 minutes to a maximum of once a week (or 10080 minutes) is the minimum; three hours is the default. The schedule interval establishes the time when replication should occur. Although replication can be at any time by default, the system administrator may want to schedule it only during offpeak network hours. Site link bridges. The site link bridge object defines a set of links that communicate via the same protocol. By default, all site links use the same protocol, and are transitive. Moreover, they belong to a single site link bridge. No configuration is necessary to the site link bridge if the IP network is fully routed. Otherwise, manual configuration may be necessary. Further information: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc775549%28v=ws.10%29.aspx What Is Active Directory Replication Topology? Replication of updates to Active Directory objects are transmitted between multiple domain controllers to keep replicas of directory partitions synchronized. Multiple domains are common in large organizations, as are multiple sites in disparate locations. In addition, domain controllers for the same domain are commonly placed in more than one site. Therefore, replication must often occur both within sites and between sites to keep domain and forest data consistent among domain controllers that store the same directory partitions. Site objects can be configured to include a set of subnets that provide local area network (LAN) network speeds. As such, replication within sites generally occurs at high speeds between domain controllers that are on the same network segment. Similarly, site link objects can be configured to represent the wide area network (WAN) links that connect LANs. Replication between sites usually occurs over these WAN links, which might be costly in terms of bandwidth. To accommodate the differences in distance and cost of replication within a site and replication between sites, the intrasite replication topology is created to optimize speed, and the intersite replication topology is created to minimize cost. The Knowledge Consistency Checker (KCC) is a distributed application that runs on every domain controller and is responsible for creating the connections between domain controllers that collectively form the replication topology. The KCC uses Active Directory data to determine where (from what source domain controller to what destination domain controller) to create these connections.
The following diagram shows the interaction of these technologies with the replication topology, which is indicated by the two-way connections between each set of domain controllers. Replication Topology and Dependent Technologies C:\Documents and Settings\usernwz1\Desktop\1.PNG

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc755994%28v=ws.10%29.aspx How Active Directory Replication Topology Works
Replication Topology Physical Structure The Active Directory replication topology can use many different components. Some components are required and others are not required but are available for optimization. The following diagram illustrates most replication topology components and their place in a sample Active Directory multisite and multidomain forest. The depiction of the intersite topology that uses multiple bridgehead servers for each domain assumes that at least one domain controller in each site is running at least Windows Server 2003. All components of this diagram and their interactions are explained in detail later in this section. Replication Topology Physical Structure C:\Documents and Settings\usernwz1\Desktop\1.PNG

In the preceding diagram, all servers are domain controllers. They independently use global knowledge of onfiguration data to generate one-way, inbound connection objects. The KCCs in a site collectively create an intrasite topology for all domain controllers in the site. The ISTGs from all sites collectively create an intersite topology. Within sites, one-way arrows indicate the inbound connections by which each domain controller replicates changes from its partner in the ring. For intersite replication, one-way arrows represent inbound connections that are created by the ISTG of each site from bridgehead servers (BH) for the same domain (or from a global catalog server [GC] acting as a bridgehead if the domain is not present in the site) in other sites that share a site link. Domains are indicated as D1, D2, D3, and D4. Each site in the diagram represents a physical LAN in the network, and each LAN is represented as a site object in Active Directory. Heavy solid lines between sites indicate WAN links over which two-way replication can occur, and each WAN link is represented in Active Directory as a site link object. Site link objects allow connections to be created between bridgehead servers in each site that is connected by the site link. Not shown in the diagram is that where TCP/IP WAN links are available, replication between sites uses the RPC replication transport. RPC is always used within sites. The site link between Site A and Site D uses the SMTP protocol for the replication transport to replicate the configuration and schema directory partitions and global catalog partial, read-only directory partitions. Although the SMTP transport cannot be used to replicate writable domain directory partitions, this transport is required because a TCP/IP connection is not available between Site A and Site D.
This configuration is acceptable for replication because Site D does not host domain controllers for any domains that must be replicated over the site link A-D. By default, site links A-B and A-C are transitive (bridged), which means that replication of domain D2 is possible between Site B and Site C, although no site link connects the two sites. The cost values on site links A-B and A-C are site link settings that determine the routing preference for replication, which is based on the aggregated cost of available site links. The cost of a direct connection between Site C and Site B is the sum of costs on site links A-B and A-C. For this reason, replication between Site B and Site C is automatically routed through Site A to avoid the more expensive, transitive route. Connections are created between Site B and Site C only if replication through Site A becomes impossible due to network or bridgehead server conditions.
Control Replication Latency and Cost Replication latency is inherent in a multimaster directory service. A period of replication latency begins when a directory update occurs on an originating domain controller and ends when replication of the change is received on the last domain controller in the forest that requires the change. Generally, the latency that is inherent in a WAN link is relative to a combination of the speed of the connection and the available bandwidth. Replication cost is an administrative value that can be used to indicate the latency that is associated with different replication routes between sites. A lower-cost route is preferred by the ISTG when generating the replication topology. Site topology is the topology as represented by the physical network: the LANs and WANs that connect domain controllers in a forest. The replication topology is built to use the site topology. The site topology is represented in Active Directory by site objects and site link objects. These objects influence Active Directory replication to achieve the best balance between replication speed and the cost of bandwidth utilization by distinguishing between replication that occurs within a site and replication that must span sites. When the KCC creates replication connections between domain controllers to generate the replication topology, it creates more connections between domain controllers in the same site than between domain controllers in different sites. The results are lower replication latency within a site and less replication bandwidth utilization between sites. Within sites, replication is optimized for speed as follows: Connections between domain controllers in the same site are always arranged in a ring,
with possible additional connections to reduce latency.
Replication within a site is triggered by a change notification mechanism when an update
occurs, moderated by a short, configurable delay (because groups of updates frequently
occur together).
Data is sent uncompressed, and thus without the processing overhead of data
compression.
Between sites, replication is optimized for minimal bandwidth usage (cost) as follows:
Replication data is compressed to minimize bandwidth consumption over WAN links.
Store-and-forward replication makes efficient use of WAN links - each update crosses an
expensive link only once.
Replication occurs at intervals that you can schedule so that use of expensive WAN links is
managed.
The intersite topology is a layering of spanning trees (one intersite connection between any
two sites for each directory partition) and generally does not contain redundant
connections.
Topology-Related Objects in Active Directory
Active Directory stores replication topology information in the configuration directory
partition. Several configuration objects define the components that are required by the KCC
to establish and implement the replication topology:
Site Link Objects
For a connection object to be created on a destination domain controller in one site that
specifies a source domain controller in another site, you must manually create a site link
object (class siteLink ) that connects the two sites. Site link objects identify the transport
protocol and scheduling required to replicate between two or more sites. You can use
Active Directory Sites and Services to create the site links. The KCC uses the information
stored in the properties of these site links to create the intersite topology connections.
A site link is associated with a network transport by creating the site link object in the
appropriate transport container (either IP or SMTP). All intersite domain replication must
use IP site links. The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) transport can be used for
replication between sites that contain domain controllers that do not host any common
domain directory partition replicas.
Site Link Properties
A site link specifies the following:
Two or more sites that are permitted to replicate with each other.
An administrator-defined cost value associated with that replication path. The cost value
controls the route that replication takes, and thus the remote sites that are used as sources
of replication information.
A schedule during which replication is permitted to occur.
An interval that determines how frequently replication occurs over this site link during the times when the schedule allows replication. Default Site Link When you install Active Directory on the first domain controller in the forest, an object named DEFAULTIPSITELINK is created in the Sites container (in the IP container within the Inter-Site Transports container). This site link contains only one site, Default-First-Site-Name.

NEW QUESTION: 2
An engineer must protect their company against ransom ware attacks. Which solution allows the engineer to block the execution stage and prevent file encryption?
A. Use Cisco AMP deployment with the Malicious Activity Protection engineer enabled.
B. Use Cisco Firepower with Intrusion Policy and snort rules blocking SMB exploitation.
C. Use Cisco AMP deployment with the Exploit Prevention engine enabled.
D. Use Cisco Firepower and block traffic to TOR networks.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Ransomware are malicious software that locks up critical resources of the users.
Ransomware uses well-established public/private key cryptography which leaves the only way of recovering the files being the payment of the ransom, or restoring files from backups.
Cisco Advanced Malware Protection (AMP) for Endpoints Malicious Activity Protection (MAP) engine defends your endpoints by monitoring the system and identifying processes that exhibit malicious activities when they execute and stops them from running. Because the MAP engine detects threats by observing the behavior of the process at run time, it can generically determine if a system is under attack by a new variant of ransomware or malware that may have eluded other security products and detection technology, such as legacy signature-based malware detection. The first release of the MAP engine targets identification, blocking, and quarantine of ransomware attacks on the endpoint.
Reference: https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/products/collateral/security/ampfor- endpoints/white-paper-c11-740980.pdf

NEW QUESTION: 3
Which three features are unique to Exadata Storage? (Choose three.)
A. database storage flash cache space allocation guarantees and limits
B. prioritization of OLTP I/Os over scan I/Os
C. prioritization of disk I/Os based on the database
D. grid disks with default AU allocation sizes of 1 MB
E. usage of flash technology to cache recently used data
Answer: A,C,D

NEW QUESTION: 4
Compliance with company policy requires a quarterly review of firewall rules. You are asked to conduct a review on the internal firewall sitting between several internal networks. The intent of this firewall is to make traffic more secure. Given the following information perform the tasks listed below:
Untrusted zone: 0.0.0.0/0
User zone: USR 10.1.1.0/24
User zone: USR2 10.1.2.0/24
DB zone: 10.1.4.0/24
Web application zone: 10.1.5.0/24
Management zone: 10.1.10.0/24
Web server: 10.1.5.50
MS-SQL server: 10.1.4.70
MGMT platform: 10.1.10.250
Instructions: To perform the necessary tasks, please modify the DST port, SRC zone, Protocol, Action, and/or Rule Order columns. Type ANY to include all ports. Firewall ACLs are read from the top down. Once you have met the simulation requirements, click Save. When you have completed the simulation, please select the Done button to submit. Once the simulation is submitted, please select the Next button to continue.

Task 1) A rule was added to prevent the management platform from accessing the internet. This rule is not working. Identify the rule and correct this issue.
Task 2) The firewall must be configured so that the SQL server can only receive requests from the web server.
Task 3) The web server must be able to receive unencrypted requests from hosts inside and outside the corporate network.
Task 4) Ensure the final rule is an explicit deny.
Task 5) Currently the user zone can access internet websites over an unencrypted protocol. Modify a rule so that user access to websites is over secure protocols only.
Instructions: To perform the necessary tasks, please modify the DST port, SRC zone, Protocol, Action, and/or Rule Order columns. Type ANY to include all ports. Firewall ACLs are read from the top down. Once you have met the simulation requirements, click Save. When you have completed the simulation, please select the Done button to submit. Once the simulation is submitted, please select the Next button to continue.
Answer:
Explanation:
Please see the explanation below
Explanation
Task 1: A rule was added to prevent the management platform from accessing the internet. This rule is not working. Identify the rule and correct this issue.
In Rule no. 1 edit the Action to Deny to block internet access from the management platform.
SRC Zone
SRC
SRC Port
DST Zone
DST
DST Port
Protocol
Action
UNTRUST
10.1.10.250
ANY
MGMT
ANY
ANY
ANY
DENY
Task 2: The firewall must be configured so that the SQL server can only receive requests from the web server.
In Rule no. 6 from top, edit the Action to be Permit.
SRC Zone
SRC
SRC Port
DST Zone
DST
DST Port
Protocol
Action
DB
10.1.4.70
ANY
WEBAPP
10.1.5.50
ANY
ANY
PERMIT
Task 3: The web server must be able to receive unencrypted requests from hosts inside and outside the corporate network.
In rule no. 5 from top, change the DST port to Any from 80 to allow all unencrypted traffic.
SRC Zone
SRC
SRC Port
DST Zone
DST
DST Port
Protocol
Action
UNTRUST
ANY
ANY
WEBAPP
10.1.5.50
ANY
TCP
PERMIT
Task 4: Ensure the final rule is an explicit deny
Enter this at the bottom of the access list i.e. the line at the bottom of the rule:
SRC Zone
SRC
SRC Port
DST Zone
DST
DST Port
Protocol
Action
ANY
ANY
ANY
ANY
ANY
ANY
TCP
DENY
Task 5: Currently the user zone can access internet websites over an unencrypted protocol. Modify a rule so that user access to websites is over secure protocols only.
In Rule number 4 from top, edit the DST port to 443 from 80
SRC Zone
SRC
SRC Port
DST Zone
DST
DST Port
Protocol
Action
USER
10.1.1.0/24 10.1.2.0/24
ANY
UNTRUST
ANY
443
TCP
PERMIT